I often find myself drawn to the diverse Jewish culture that flourishes across Montreal. From the iconic Hebrew lettering adorning the façade of Schwartz’s Deli and the familiar surname on the sign for Wilensky’s Light Lunch to the synagogues on nearly every other block in Côte Saint-Luc, the city is brimming with Jewish heritage. But how did this vibrant culture take root in Montreal?
A Historical Journey: Jewish Immigration to Montreal
Jewish immigration to Montreal began in the 18th century. The city now boasts a Jewish population of approximately 90,000. Between 1904 and 1914, a significant influx of Jewish immigrants arrived, primarily from Eastern Europe, seeking refuge from antisemitism and violence. Following World War II, Holocaust survivors added to the city’s diversity, making Yiddish the third most commonly spoken language in Montreal after French and English.
At the same time, Sephardic Jews from largely Arab countries, including about 10,000 Moroccan Jews, arrived in Montreal. Their traditions added a new layer of diversity to a community that had long been shaped by Ashkenazi Jews.
Neighbourhoods That Tell a Story
Jewish life in Montreal is anchored in a few neighbourhoods. Saint Laurent Boulevard and its surrounds were once a bustling hub of Jewish life. Aaron Krishtalka, a professor at Dawson College and descendant of Yiddish writers, recalls growing up in the area. “There were so many Jewish bakeries, Jewish restaurants, and so on,” he said. He also reminisced about visiting the Keneder Adler (Canadian Eagle), a Yiddish newspaper, which was a staple for many local Jews.
Côte Saint-Luc, a separate municipality on the island of Montreal, remains a cornerstone of Jewish life. Home to 19,395 Jews, it has the largest population of foreign-born Jews in the area, with 7,535 residents hailing from other countries. Côte Saint-Luc is dotted with Jewish schools, including Solomon Schechter Academy and École Secondaire Bialik, as well as numerous synagogues such as Beth Israel Beth Aaron Congregation and Beth Zion Congregation.
Outremont, located north of Parc Mont-Royal and west of Mile End, is renowned for its Hasidic Jewish community, which comprises 25% of the area’s population. A highlight of this neighbourhood is Cheskie’s Heimishe Bakery, owned by Cheskie Leibowitz, who brought New York City staples like the iconic black-and-white cookie to Montreal.
A Lasting Legacy
The city’s large Jewish population has also fostered the emergence of numerous community events and festivals, especially during significant holidays. With Hanukkah just around the corner, various Jewish communities and synagogues have organized events for Jewish and non-Jewish friends to enjoy.
The Museum of Jewish Montreal is a great place to start if you’re seeking a Hanukkah event in Montreal. On December 15th, they’ll host their annual Hanukkah Market, where visitors can shop for items such as ceramics, baked goods, and jewelry crafted by local artisans. Another highlight happens at the Spanish and Portuguese Synagogue of Montreal, Canada’s first synagogue. On December 17th, they’re inviting guests to a Hanukkah Lunch and Game Day from 12 to 4 p.m. Visitors are encouraged to bring their own board games and card games and enjoy a fun, family-friendly afternoon.
Montreal’s Jewish community has left an indelible mark on the city’s cultural and historical landscape, from the bustling streets of Saint Laurent Boulevard to the close-knit neighbourhoods of Côte St-Luc and Outremont. The community’s vibrant and resilient culture is reflected in everything from traditional Jewish cuisine to historic synagogues, which continue to thrive in the city today.
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